2-min Video summary of phd work
Academic journals
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah, Luciano Floridi, and Jatinder Singh. “Formalising trade-offs beyond algorithmic fairness: lessons from ethical philosophy and welfare economics.” AI & Ethics Journal (2021). Link
An excellent paper which shows the potential to be foundational, as more scholars research the benefits and limitations of enterprise tools aimed at reducing algorithmic bias.
Feedback, AI & Ethics Journal reviewer
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah and Jatinder Singh. “Risk identification questionnaire for unintended bias in machine learning development lifecycle.” Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (2021) Link
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah and Jatinder Singh. “The Landscape and Gaps in Open Source Fairness Toolkits.” ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing 2021. Link
Winner, Best Paper Award 2021
This was a well-written, thoughtful and interesting paper. The study was well-designed and well-conceived — a clever approach to understanding these tools that has not been done before. In short, I hope this paper is published so that I can cite it. It is hard to find fault with the paper… A pleasure to read.
Feedback, CHI reviewer
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah and Luciano Floridi. “Algorithmic fairness: from absolute conditions to relational trade-offs.” Minds and Machines (2020). Link
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah and Jatinder Singh. “Spelling errors and non-standard language in peer-to-peer loan applications and the borrower’s probability of default.” 2021 Credit Scoring and Credit Control Conference XVII. Link to full paper
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah. “Context-conscious fairness in using machine learning to make decisions.” AI Matters 5.2 (2019): 23-29. Link
Winner, ACM SIGAI Essay Contest 2018
This piece is exceptionally well thought-out and presented. The summary of some notions of fairness is nice. I appreciate the engagement around the issue of whether the alternative to ML may be a worse model, and both tradeoffs are well described. This is a terrific essay!
Feedback, ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (ACM SIGAI)
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah, Luciano Floridi, and Alexander Denev. “Innovating with confidence: Embedding AI governance and fairness in financial services risk management framework.” Berkeley Technology Law Journal (2020). Link
Kornel Lewicki, Michelle Seng Ah Lee, Jennifer Cobbe, and Jatinder Singh. 2023. “Out of Context: Investigating the Bias and Fairness Concerns of Artificial Intelligence as a Service” In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Link
J. Cobbe, M. Lee, J. Singh. “Reviewable Automated Decision-Making: A Framework for Accountable Algorithmic Systems.” ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT), 2021. Link
A. Ball-Burack, J. Cobbe, M. Lee, J. Singh. “Differential Tweetment: Differential Tweetment: Mitigating Racial Dialect Bias in Harmful Tweet Detection.” ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT), 2021. Link
Seyyed, Ahmad Javadi, Richard Cloete, Jennifer Cobbe, Michelle Seng Ah Lee and Jatinder Singh. “Monitoring ‘artificial intelligence as a service’ for misuse.” Proceedings of the 2020 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (2020). Link
J. Cobbe, M. Lee, H. Janssen and J. Singh, “Centering the Law in the Digital State” in Computer (2020), vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 47-58. Link
Deng, W. H., Nagireddy, M., Lee, M. S. A., Singh, J., Wu, Z. S., Holstein, K., & Zhu, H. “Exploring How Machine Learning Practitioners (Try To) Use Fairness Toolkits.” ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT), 2022. Link
H. Jenssen, Lee, Michelle Seng Ah, and J. Singh. “Practical fundamental rights impact assessments.” International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 2022.
book chapters
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah, Jennifer Cobbe, Heleen Janssen, and Jatinder Singh. “Chapter 16: Defining the scope of AI ADM system risk assessment.” European Data Protection Handbook 2022. Link
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah and Luciano Floridi. “Innovating with Confidence: Embedding AI Governance and Fairness in a Financial Services Risk Management Framework.” Ethics, Governance, and Policies in Artificial Intelligence, 2021. Link
Lee, Michelle Seng Ah and Luciano Floridi. “Algorithmic Fairness in Mortgage Lending: From Absolute Conditions to Relational Trade-offs.” The 2020 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab. Link
white papers

Michelle Seng Ah Lee, Andy Whitton, David Thogmartin. “Striving for Fairness & Impartiality in AI Models.” Deloitte Innovation (2022). Link
[Contributor] “Building trustworthy AI: A comprehensive approach to conduct, data protection, and ethics.” Deloitte Centre for Regulatory Strategy, EMEA (2020). Link
Guszcza, Jim, Michelle Seng Ah Lee, Beena Ammanath, and Dave Kuder. “Human values in the loop: Design principles for ethical AI.” Deloitte Review (2020). Link
Bigham, Tom, Valeria Gallo, Suchitra Nair, Michelle Seng Ah Lee, Sulabh Soral, Tom Mews, Alan Tua, and Morgane Fouche. “AI and Risk Management: Innovating with Confidence.” Deloitte Centre for Regulatory Strategy, EMEA (2018). Link
Blog posts
On AI ethics and governance
“Risks and ethical considerations of generative AI” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2023). Link
“The 5 key challenges of AI governance and our learnings” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2022). Link
“Challenges of AI ethics in insurance” DataKind UK Medium (2022). Link
“How to spot unintended biases in machine learning” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2021). Link
“Challenges of fairness in AI decisions.” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2019). Link
“How do we leverage the new opportunities of AI for greater financial inclusion?” DataKind UK Medium (2019). Link
“Risk-based approach to AI ethics: operationalising values and principles” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2020). Link
“Landscape and gaps in open source fairness toolkits” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2020). Link
“Why technology cannot solve algorithmic fairness” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2020).
- Part 1: Gaps between how computer scientists and ethical philosophers define fairness Link
- Part 2: Gaps between how computer scientists and welfare economists define fairness Link
- Part 3: From fairness metrics to Key Ethics Indicators (KEIs) Link
“BTLJ article summary: Embedding AI governance and fairness in a financial services risk management framework” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2020). Link
“Risk-based approach to AI ethics: operationalising values and principles” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2020). Link
“Cost of proxy bias: consumer reaction to perceived algorithmic discrimination” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2020). Link
Other topics
“Sustainability Hackathon: using Google Earth Engine to estimate property-level environmental impact” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2022). Link
“How a blind programmer writes code” UK Financial Services Insights, Deloitte UK (2021). Link
“Data Ethics in combating COVID-19 after lockdown.” Featured in Cambridge Trust & Technology Initiative, Research Perspectives (2020). Link
- Part 1/2 on ethics of data-driven contact tracing: Medium link
- Part 2/2 on ethics of data-driven quarantine enforcement: Medium link
research experience
AI & Ethics journal, springer (2020-present)
editorial board
- Founding member of the editorial board
OXFORD DIGITAL ETHICS LAB (2019)
c/o Professor luciano floridi
- Formalising framework of fairness
imperial college (2017-2019)
c/o professor tarun ramadorai
- Web scraping of privacy policies and application of NLP techniques to analyse patterns
- Predicting default using open source credit data
Stanford university (2010-2013)
c/o dept. of statistics (2013)
- Provided consulting services to Stanford affiliates in experiment design, model fitting, time series, classification/prediction
c/o professor joel beinin, history dept. (2010-2012)
- Social movement theory research in the West Bank and Tunisia (Arabic, French)
harvard university (2008-2010)
c/o professor e roger owen, center for middle east studies
- Archival research, incl. al-Muqtataf and al-Jarida from the early 18th c. to study the 1907 Egyptian economic crisis